Banner ads make up a standard form of online advertising. These rectangular images or visual elements appear on websites and aim to attract user attention, ultimately driving traffic. Banner ads exist in throughout numerous online destinations, including news sites. They operate through interaction with the banner, which redirects to a website.

Navigating the digital advertising landscape can feel like traversing a minefield. With ad fraud becoming increasingly sophisticated, advertisers and publishers alike are struggling to pinpoint malicious actors who deceive systems for financial gain. A side-by-side analysis of legitimate traffic versus fraudulent activity can be invaluable in grasp